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In September 1939, the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF) was formed and dispatched to aid the Imperial war effort in Europe and the Mediterranean, leaving Australia undefended.
American troops were first deployed to Brisbane in March 1941 to the reception of enthusiastic crowds, and later in December following simultaneous attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines.
The Japanese bombed Townsville and Mossman with little damage. A full scale Japanese invasion was averted by the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 and the Battle of Midway in June. General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied South West Pacific Area, arrived in Brisbane to establish his headquarters in July 1942.
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 | Memorandum from the Commissioner of Police to Criminal Investigation Branch Inspector Jessen, about a quantity of United States property, mostly cigarettes, at a house in Albion, 25 May 1942
Queensland State Archives Item ID 1139498, Digital Image ID 2911 Police Department, Police Service Commissioner’s Office
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 | 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbour | |
1942 Bing Crosby released ‘White Christmas’ | |
1942 The Holocaust began | |
1943 Mussolini arrested |
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